Teen & Adolescent Depression Treatment

Common Causes of Adolescent Depression & Risk Factors

Teen depression can stem from many causes, often with multiple factors at play. Additionally, some teens are more vulnerable than others, and understanding the causes and risk factors can help parents and caregivers address depression early. 

One major risk factor is stress. Research from the American Psychological Association shows that today’s teens face higher stress levels than previous generations.6 Academic pressure, social media, and peer relationships can lead to overwhelming feelings. In fact, a recent meta analysis found that teens who experience bullying are more than twice as likely to show symptoms of depression.7

Family issues also play a role. Studies show that teens dealing with divorce, the loss of a loved one, or high levels of family conflict are more at risk.8  Additionally, genetics also factor in, as a JAMA Psychiatry study found that teens with a parent who has depression are nearly twice as likely to develop it themselves.9

Other risk factors include traumatic experiences like abuse, environmental changes such as moving or losing a friend, chronic illnesses, and hormonal changes during puberty. Lastly, substance use, including alcohol and drugs, can worsen mood and increase the risk of depression by disrupting brain chemistry.10

Relationship Between Depression and Substance Use

It’s worth repeating that substance use and mental health disorders such as depression often go hand in hand. In fact, mental health concerns, behavioral issues, and substance use are three sides of the same triangle with one affecting the others. 

Those grappling with severe, mild, or even subclinical mental health issues may turn to drugs and alcohol as a misguided form of self-medication. While some substances might offer a fleeting sense of relief from the symptoms, the substances can ultimately intensify symptoms both in the short term and over time. Understanding this intricate relationship is crucial to addressing both mental health and substance use effectively.11 

Addressing dual diagnosis requires a thorough and holistic strategy that considers both mental health and substance use aspects of the disorder. This approach may involve a mix of evidence-based therapies, medication management, and lifestyle modifications aimed at enhancing your teen’s overall well-being.

While the obstacles associated with dual diagnosis can feel daunting, Guardian Recovery provides healing and hope through our tailored dual diagnosis care. Our comprehensive approach focuses on both mental health and substance use challenges, paving the way for a well-rounded recovery journey.

By employing proven strategies and addressing the causes of their issues rather than just the symptoms, we empower teens to build essential coping skills and cultivate a genuine desire for change. This all-encompassing method ensures that we tackle all underlying issues, laying the groundwork for lasting recovery.

Types of Treatment for Teen Depression

When it comes to treating teen depression, there’s no one-size-fits-all approach. Each teen is different, so finding a treatment plan that works for them is important. 

Two of the most common and effective treatments are psychotherapy and medication. Psychotherapy (aka) talk therapy, helps teens understand and manage their feelings. A host of modalities are described below, each one of which offers a unique way to address depression.  Meanwhile, medications, which are typically used alongside psychotherapy, can also be used to help balance brain chemicals and improve mood. 

At Guardian Recovery, our comprehensive, holistic approach to depression and behavioral treatment integrates the following therapeutic modalities, among others. However, care plans are tailored to each teen’s unique needs and circumstances. By addressing the physical, emotional, and social aspects of depression and substance use, we provide a well-rounded and effective treatment plan that sets the stage for long-term success.

Psychotherapy: Types & Approaches

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

• Overview: CBT is one of the most well-researched and widely used treatments for teen depression. It focuses on helping teens identify and change negative thought patterns that contribute to their depression. Through our CBT sessions, teens learn skills to reframe their thinking and develop healthier behaviors.
• What to Expect: During CBT sessions, our therapists work with your teen to pinpoint negative thoughts and help them to replace them with more balanced, positive thinking. Teens are encouraged to practice these techniques in real-life situations.
• Research: Studies consistently show CBT to be highly effective for treating teen depression. A study found that teens who received CBT had significantly lower depression symptoms compared to those who received standard care. CBT has also been shown to reduce relapse rates and is especially effective when combined with medication.12

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

• Overview: DBT was originally developed for individuals with borderline personality disorder, but it’s also highly effective for treating depression, especially in teens who struggle with intense emotions, self-harm, or suicidal thoughts. Our DBT sessions combine elements of CBT with mindfulness techniques to help teens regulate their emotions.
• What to Expect: In DBT, teens learn coping skills for managing difficult emotions and reducing impulsive behaviors. Therapy typically includes individual sessions and group skills training, where teens practice mindfulness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance.
• Research: DBT is particularly effective for teens with depression who have a history of self-harm or suicidal thoughts. A study published in the journal of Psychological Medicine found that DBT significantly reduced suicidal behavior and depressive symptoms in adolescents.13

Family Therapy

• Overview: Family therapy involves the teen and their family members working together to address patterns of behavior and communication that might be contributing to the teen’s depression. It’s particularly helpful when family conflict or stress is a factor in the teen’s mental health. At Guardian Recovery, we harness the power of families while also supporting parents during this difficult time. Along with family therapy, we also offer workshops, education, and a parent support group.
• What to Expect: In family therapy, our therapists help the family understand how their interactions may affect the teen’s depression and guide them in developing healthier ways to communicate and support each other. Sessions may focus on improving problem-solving and building a more supportive home environment.
• Research: Research supports the effectiveness of family therapy, particularly for teens whose depression is linked to family dynamics. Specifically, family therapy led to significant improvements in depressive symptoms and overall family functioning.14

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)

• Overview: Guardian Recovery’s MBCT combines mindfulness practices with elements of cognitive therapy. It teaches teens how to become more aware of their thoughts and feelings without becoming overwhelmed by them, which can help reduce symptoms of depression.
• What to Expect: In MBCT, teens are taught mindfulness exercises, such as meditation, body scans, and breathing techniques, to help them stay present and prevent negative thought patterns from spiraling out of control. We often offer mindfulness practices in group settings, but they can also be part of individual therapy.
• Research: Research shows that MBCT can be effective in reducing depressive symptoms, particularly in preventing relapse. Additionally, teens who practiced mindfulness-based techniques experienced fewer depressive episodes over time compared to those receiving standard treatment.15

Exercise and Lifestyle Changes

• Overview: Regular physical activity and healthy lifestyle changes, such as improved sleep, diet, and social engagement, can be key in treating teen depression. While not a standalone treatment, exercise is often recommended alongside therapy and medication. Guardian Recovery’s adolescent programs offer ample physical activities as well as academic instruction, providing a holistic approach to treatment.
• What to Expect: Teens are encouraged to engage in regular physical activities they enjoy, whether it’s sports, dance, or even daily walks. Establishing healthy routines, such as consistent sleep schedules and balanced meals, can also support mental health.
• Research: Studies consistently show the benefits of exercise for mental health. A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that regular physical activity significantly reduced adolescent depressive symptoms. Exercise boosts endorphins, which naturally improve mood and can help alleviate symptoms of depression.16

Medication: Antidepressants & Their Use

In the battle against moderate to severe depression in teens, antidepressant medications play a crucial role in enhancing mood and emotional regulation. Guardian Recovery offers onsite medical and psychiatric staff for medication management.

Medication (Antidepressants)

• Overview: Antidepressant medications, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are commonly prescribed for teens with moderate to severe depression. SSRIs help increase serotonin levels in the brain, improving mood and emotional regulation.
• What to Expect: Antidepressants are often used alongside therapy, as medication alone isn’t usually enough for long-term treatment of depression. It may take several weeks to notice improvements, and teens are closely monitored for side effects. Common medications include fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft).
• Research: SSRIs are the most studied type of antidepressant for teens. A meta-analysis published in The Lancet found that SSRIs are generally effective in reducing depressive symptoms in teens. However, they should be carefully monitored due to potential side effects, such as increased suicidal thoughts in the first few weeks of treatment. The combination of SSRIs with therapy is more effective than either treatment alone.17